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The following table contains file formats recommended by TERN for data preservation, publication and reuse. The list was developed based on the Library of Congress Recommended Formats Statement 2020-2021.

If you are ensure unsure about the suitable data file format for your data, please contact us on , don't hesitate to get in touch with us at esupport@tern.org.au for clarification.

Data types

Recommended Formats

Still images (e.g., bio-imaging)

Note: we accept camera raw image file, which then will be converted into the recommended format for publication).

  • JPEG

  • TIFF

  • PNG

Audio works (e.g., bioacoustics)

  • Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)

  • Wav

Geospatial vector

  • ESRI Shapefile

  • GML

Geospatial raster (e.g., remote sensing gridded data products; soil and landscape grid)

  • Geo-referenced TIFF

  • Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG)

Sensor time series (e.g., ecology plot-based survey and inventory data, flux)

  • Comma-separated values (CSV)

  • Tab-delimited file

  • NetCDF (for multidimensional array)

Textual works

  • PDF/UA, PDF/A or PDF

  • OpenDocument Text

  • Plain text (.txt).