Plant Growth Form data: 'growth_form_table' function


The 'growth_form_table' function in the 'ausplotR' package can be used to generate occurrence matrices for plant growth forms in the AusPlots plots. The plant growth forms considered are those in the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS; Executive Steering Committee for Australian Vegetation Information, 2003).

The input for the 'growth_form_table' function is a data frame of raw AusPlots point intercept data generated using the 'get_ausplots function'. Three metrics can be selected to score species growth form:

  • Presence/Absence: Set by the argument 'm_kind = “PA”'.
  • Percent Cover: Based on total frequency of hits. Set by the argument 'm_kind = “percent_cover”'. This is the most useful and commonly used metric. It can be subsequently used in statistical analyses (e.g. MANOVA, Ordination, Classification, etc.) at continental scale where species turnover is too high for some methods to provide meaningful results.
  • Species Richness: Set by the argument 'm_kind = “richness”'. Note that when ‘m_kind’ is set to “richness” the rowSums of the occurrence matrix can be higher than the observed SR because in some occasions the same species is recorded with different growth forms in a plot and therefore the same species can count towards the weights for multiple growth forms.


Whe Percent Cover is used two types of cover type can be selected:

  • Projected Foliage Cover (PFC): Hits scored as ‘in canopy sky’ are removed. Set by the argument 'cover_type = "PFC"'.
  • Opaque Canopy Cover (OCC): Hits scored as ‘in canopy sky’ are retained. Set by the argument 'cover_type = "OCC"'.

The output of the 'growth_form_table' function is a data frame. In this output data frame rows correspond to unique sites, columns to NVIS plant growth forms, and cell values are either Presence/Absences, Percent Cover, or Species Richness depending on the option chosen for the ‘m_kind’ argument.


REFERENCES

  • National Vegetation Information System, Version 6.0
    Executive Steering Committee for Australian Vegetation Information (ESCAVI)
    Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2003
    ISBN 0 642 54953 2




EXAMPLES

Examples of the use of the 'growth_form_table' funtion are presented below. In the examples growth form ocurrences are computed using different scoring metrics (i.e. Presence/Absence, Percentage Cover, and Species Richness) by varying the argument values (see above). Growth form types occurrences are computed for the full set of vegetation point intersect data currently available at AusPlots. The list of data frames containing information for all currently available AusPlots sites (i.e. the 'AP.data' list) was previously created using the `get_ausplots` function(see the 'Obtaining AusPlots data: 'get_ausplots' function' Step-by-Step Guide; we use the list created in Example 4). The resulting 'Fractional Cover' data frames can be eriched with addional information as seen in the 'Manipulating AusPlots data II: Merging data frames' Step-by-Step Guide.

Boxes with grey background contain code snippets, and boxes with white background containt code (text) outputs.



Example 1: NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix,' Presence/Absence' scoring metric.

.

# ====================================================
# PLANT GROWTH FORM DATA: 'growth_form_table' function
# ====================================================

# NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix,' Presence/Absence' scoring metric
# ============================================================================
AP.data.PGF.PA = growth_form_table(AP.data$veg.PI, m_kind="PA")
class(AP.data.PGF.PA)

.

## [1] "data.frame"

.

.

dim(AP.data.PGF.PA)

.

## [1] 653  20

.

.

head(AP.data.PGF.PA)

.

##                  Aquatic Bryophyte Chenopod Cycad Epiphyte Fern Forb
## NSABBS0005-58582       0         0        0     0        1    0    1
## NSABBS0006-58557       0         0        0     0        1    0    1
## NSABHC0001-53596       0         0        0     0        0    0    1
## NSABHC0002-53597       0         0        1     0        0    0    1
## NSABHC0003-53598       0         0        0     0        0    0    1
## NSABHC0004-53599       0         0        0     0        0    0    1
##                  Fungus Grass.tree Heath.shrub Hummock.grass NC Rush Sedge
## NSABBS0005-58582      0          0           1             0  0    0     0
## NSABBS0006-58557      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0001-53596      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0002-53597      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0003-53598      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0004-53599      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
##                  Shrub Shrub.Mallee Tree.Mallee Tree.Palm Tussock.grass
## NSABBS0005-58582     1            0           0         1             1
## NSABBS0006-58557     1            0           0         1             1
## NSABHC0001-53596     1            0           0         0             1
## NSABHC0002-53597     1            0           0         0             1
## NSABHC0003-53598     1            0           0         0             1
## NSABHC0004-53599     1            0           0         0             1
##                  Vine
## NSABBS0005-58582    0
## NSABBS0006-58557    0
## NSABHC0001-53596    0
## NSABHC0002-53597    0
## NSABHC0003-53598    0
## NSABHC0004-53599    0

.

.

summary(AP.data.PGF.PA)

.

##     Aquatic           Bryophyte          Chenopod          Cycad         
##  Min.   :0.000000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.:0.000000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median :0.000000   Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   :0.001531   Mean   :0.01378   Mean   :0.4916   Mean   :0.003063  
##  3rd Qu.:0.000000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :1.000000   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.000000  
##     Epiphyte            Fern             Forb            Fungus        
##  Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:1.0000   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :1.0000   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   :0.08882   Mean   :0.1103   Mean   :0.9173   Mean   :0.007657  
##  3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.000000  
##    Grass.tree       Heath.shrub      Hummock.grass          NC        
##  Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :0.00000   Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :0.0000  
##  Mean   :0.03216   Mean   :0.07198   Mean   :0.2711   Mean   :0.0245  
##  3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:0.0000  
##  Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000  
##       Rush             Sedge            Shrub         Shrub.Mallee    
##  Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.00000  
##  1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:1.0000   1st Qu.:0.00000  
##  Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :1.0000   Median :0.00000  
##  Mean   :0.06126   Mean   :0.3308   Mean   :0.8652   Mean   :0.09035  
##  3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:0.00000  
##  Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.00000  
##   Tree.Mallee       Tree.Palm      Tussock.grass         Vine       
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:1.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :0.0000   Median :1.0000   Median :1.0000   Median :0.0000  
##  Mean   :0.1593   Mean   :0.6279   Mean   :0.8407   Mean   :0.2496  
##  3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:0.0000  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000

.

.

.

Example 2A: NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix, 'Percentage Cover' scoring metric with 'Projected Foliage Cover' (PFC) option.

.

# NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix, 'Percentage Cover' scoring metric with 'Projected Foliage Cover' option
# ==================================================================================================================
AP.data.PGF.PC.PFC = growth_form_table(AP.data$veg.PI, m_kind="percent_cover", cover_type="PFC")
#class(AP.data.PGF.PC.PFC)
#dim(AP.data.PGF.PC.PFC)
head(AP.data.PGF.PC.PFC)

.

##                  Aquatic Bryophyte Chenopod Cycad  Epiphyte Fern
## NSABBS0005-58582       0         0  0.00000     0 0.3289474    0
## NSABBS0006-58557       0         0  0.00000     0 0.1543210    0
## NSABHC0001-53596       0         0  0.00000     0 0.0000000    0
## NSABHC0002-53597       0         0 40.46053     0 0.0000000    0
## NSABHC0003-53598       0         0  0.00000     0 0.0000000    0
## NSABHC0004-53599       0         0  0.00000     0 0.0000000    0
##                        Forb Fungus Grass.tree Heath.shrub Hummock.grass NC
## NSABBS0005-58582  0.1644737      0          0    2.138158             0  0
## NSABBS0006-58557  0.6172840      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0001-53596 26.8656716      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0002-53597 40.1315789      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0003-53598  4.6511628      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0004-53599 29.6495957      0          0    0.000000             0  0
##                  Rush Sedge      Shrub Shrub.Mallee Tree.Mallee Tree.Palm
## NSABBS0005-58582    0     0 25.9868421            0           0  103.1250
## NSABBS0006-58557    0     0 17.2839506            0           0  114.9691
## NSABHC0001-53596    0     0 61.5671642            0           0    0.0000
## NSABHC0002-53597    0     0  0.6578947            0           0    0.0000
## NSABHC0003-53598    0     0 92.6356589            0           0    0.0000
## NSABHC0004-53599    0     0 38.0053908            0           0    0.0000
##                  Tussock.grass Vine
## NSABBS0005-58582     0.1644737    0
## NSABBS0006-58557     0.6172840    0
## NSABHC0001-53596    12.6865672    0
## NSABHC0002-53597    21.7105263    0
## NSABHC0003-53598     2.7131783    0
## NSABHC0004-53599    32.3450135    0

.

.

summary(AP.data.PGF.PC.PFC)

.

##     Aquatic            Bryophyte          Chenopod          Cycad         
##  Min.   :0.0000000   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   :  0.00   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000000   1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.:  0.00   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median :0.0000000   Median : 0.0000   Median :  0.00   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   :0.0006053   Mean   : 0.1331   Mean   : 10.79   Mean   :0.004358  
##  3rd Qu.:0.0000000   3rd Qu.: 0.0000   3rd Qu.: 12.25   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :0.3952569   Max.   :66.2047   Max.   :100.00   Max.   :2.540107  
##     Epiphyte             Fern              Forb            Fungus        
##  Min.   : 0.00000   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.00000   1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.: 1.569   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median : 0.00000   Median : 0.0000   Median : 5.983   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   : 0.08855   Mean   : 0.3525   Mean   :13.398   Mean   :0.004604  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.00000   3rd Qu.: 0.0000   3rd Qu.:17.319   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :14.28571   Max.   :54.3062   Max.   :94.268   Max.   :2.042901  
##    Grass.tree     Heath.shrub     Hummock.grass            NC          
##  Min.   : 0.00   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :  0.0000   Min.   : 0.00000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.00   1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.:  0.0000   1st Qu.: 0.00000  
##  Median : 0.00   Median : 0.000   Median :  0.0000   Median : 0.00000  
##  Mean   : 0.46   Mean   : 1.142   Mean   :  8.7219   Mean   : 0.04686  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.00   3rd Qu.: 0.000   3rd Qu.:  0.6061   3rd Qu.: 0.00000  
##  Max.   :50.18   Max.   :93.555   Max.   :183.8565   Max.   :14.09836  
##       Rush             Sedge             Shrub          Shrub.Mallee    
##  Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.:  2.296   1st Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Median : 0.0000   Median : 0.0000   Median : 14.358   Median : 0.0000  
##  Mean   : 0.1527   Mean   : 2.8579   Mean   : 24.832   Mean   : 0.5343  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.0000   3rd Qu.: 0.8929   3rd Qu.: 37.944   3rd Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Max.   :12.3487   Max.   :76.2029   Max.   :139.655   Max.   :37.7863  
##   Tree.Mallee       Tree.Palm       Tussock.grass          Vine        
##  Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:  1.066   1st Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Median : 0.000   Median :  2.974   Median : 15.842   Median : 0.0000  
##  Mean   : 3.863   Mean   : 20.984   Mean   : 28.872   Mean   : 0.6741  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.000   3rd Qu.: 37.524   3rd Qu.: 52.174   3rd Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Max.   :91.979   Max.   :144.211   Max.   :116.019   Max.   :62.4561

.

.

.

Example 2B: NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix, 'Percentage Cover' scoring metric with 'Opaque Canopy Cover' (OCC) option.

.

# NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix, 'Percentage Cover' scoring metric with 'Opaque Canopy Cover' option
# ==============================================================================================================
AP.data.PGF.PC = growth_form_table(AP.data$veg.PI, m_kind="percent_cover", cover_type="OCC")
#class(AP.data.PGF.PC)
#dim(AP.data.PGF.PC)
head(AP.data.PGF.PC)

.

##                  Aquatic Bryophyte Chenopod Cycad  Epiphyte Fern
## NSABBS0005-58582       0         0  0.00000     0 0.3289474    0
## NSABBS0006-58557       0         0  0.00000     0 0.1543210    0
## NSABHC0001-53596       0         0  0.00000     0 0.0000000    0
## NSABHC0002-53597       0         0 40.46053     0 0.0000000    0
## NSABHC0003-53598       0         0  0.00000     0 0.0000000    0
## NSABHC0004-53599       0         0  0.00000     0 0.0000000    0
##                        Forb Fungus Grass.tree Heath.shrub Hummock.grass NC
## NSABBS0005-58582  0.1644737      0          0    2.138158             0  0
## NSABBS0006-58557  0.6172840      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0001-53596 26.8656716      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0002-53597 40.1315789      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0003-53598  4.6511628      0          0    0.000000             0  0
## NSABHC0004-53599 29.6495957      0          0    0.000000             0  0
##                  Rush Sedge      Shrub Shrub.Mallee Tree.Mallee Tree.Palm
## NSABBS0005-58582    0     0 25.9868421            0           0  103.1250
## NSABBS0006-58557    0     0 17.2839506            0           0  114.9691
## NSABHC0001-53596    0     0 61.5671642            0           0    0.0000
## NSABHC0002-53597    0     0  0.6578947            0           0    0.0000
## NSABHC0003-53598    0     0 92.6356589            0           0    0.0000
## NSABHC0004-53599    0     0 38.0053908            0           0    0.0000
##                  Tussock.grass Vine
## NSABBS0005-58582     0.1644737    0
## NSABBS0006-58557     0.6172840    0
## NSABHC0001-53596    12.6865672    0
## NSABHC0002-53597    21.7105263    0
## NSABHC0003-53598     2.7131783    0
## NSABHC0004-53599    32.3450135    0

.

.

summary(AP.data.PGF.PC)

.

##     Aquatic            Bryophyte          Chenopod          Cycad         
##  Min.   :0.0000000   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   :  0.00   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000000   1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.:  0.00   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median :0.0000000   Median : 0.0000   Median :  0.00   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   :0.0006053   Mean   : 0.1331   Mean   : 10.79   Mean   :0.004358  
##  3rd Qu.:0.0000000   3rd Qu.: 0.0000   3rd Qu.: 12.25   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :0.3952569   Max.   :66.2047   Max.   :100.00   Max.   :2.540107  
##     Epiphyte             Fern              Forb            Fungus        
##  Min.   : 0.00000   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.00000   1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.: 1.569   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median : 0.00000   Median : 0.0000   Median : 5.983   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   : 0.08855   Mean   : 0.3525   Mean   :13.398   Mean   :0.004604  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.00000   3rd Qu.: 0.0000   3rd Qu.:17.319   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :14.28571   Max.   :54.3062   Max.   :94.268   Max.   :2.042901  
##    Grass.tree     Heath.shrub     Hummock.grass            NC          
##  Min.   : 0.00   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :  0.0000   Min.   : 0.00000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.00   1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.:  0.0000   1st Qu.: 0.00000  
##  Median : 0.00   Median : 0.000   Median :  0.0000   Median : 0.00000  
##  Mean   : 0.46   Mean   : 1.142   Mean   :  8.7219   Mean   : 0.04686  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.00   3rd Qu.: 0.000   3rd Qu.:  0.6061   3rd Qu.: 0.00000  
##  Max.   :50.18   Max.   :93.555   Max.   :183.8565   Max.   :14.09836  
##       Rush             Sedge             Shrub          Shrub.Mallee    
##  Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.: 0.0000   1st Qu.:  2.296   1st Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Median : 0.0000   Median : 0.0000   Median : 14.358   Median : 0.0000  
##  Mean   : 0.1527   Mean   : 2.8579   Mean   : 24.832   Mean   : 0.5343  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.0000   3rd Qu.: 0.8929   3rd Qu.: 37.944   3rd Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Max.   :12.3487   Max.   :76.2029   Max.   :139.655   Max.   :37.7863  
##   Tree.Mallee       Tree.Palm       Tussock.grass          Vine        
##  Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:  1.066   1st Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Median : 0.000   Median :  2.974   Median : 15.842   Median : 0.0000  
##  Mean   : 3.863   Mean   : 20.984   Mean   : 28.872   Mean   : 0.6741  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.000   3rd Qu.: 37.524   3rd Qu.: 52.174   3rd Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Max.   :91.979   Max.   :144.211   Max.   :116.019   Max.   :62.4561

.

.

.

Example 3: NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix, 'Species Richness' scoring metric.

.

# NVIS Plant Growth Forms Occurrence Matrix, 'Species Richness' scoring metric
# ============================================================================
AP.data.PGF.SR = growth_form_table(AP.data$veg.PI, m_kind="richness")
#class(AP.data.PGF.SR)
#dim(AP.data.PGF.SR)
head(AP.data.PGF.SR)

.

##                  Aquatic Bryophyte Chenopod Cycad Epiphyte Fern Forb
## NSABBS0005-58582       0         0        0     0        2    0    1
## NSABBS0006-58557       0         0        0     0        1    0    2
## NSABHC0001-53596       0         0        0     0        0    0    7
## NSABHC0002-53597       0         0       11     0        0    0    8
## NSABHC0003-53598       0         0        0     0        0    0    2
## NSABHC0004-53599       0         0        0     0        0    0   18
##                  Fungus Grass.tree Heath.shrub Hummock.grass NC Rush Sedge
## NSABBS0005-58582      0          0           1             0  0    0     0
## NSABBS0006-58557      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0001-53596      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0002-53597      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0003-53598      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
## NSABHC0004-53599      0          0           0             0  0    0     0
##                  Shrub Shrub.Mallee Tree.Mallee Tree.Palm Tussock.grass
## NSABBS0005-58582     4            0           0         5             1
## NSABBS0006-58557     5            0           0         5             3
## NSABHC0001-53596    18            0           0         0             5
## NSABHC0002-53597     2            0           0         0             5
## NSABHC0003-53598    16            0           0         0             4
## NSABHC0004-53599    13            0           0         0            11
##                  Vine
## NSABBS0005-58582    0
## NSABBS0006-58557    0
## NSABHC0001-53596    0
## NSABHC0002-53597    0
## NSABHC0003-53598    0
## NSABHC0004-53599    0

.

.

summary(AP.data.PGF.SR)

.

##     Aquatic           Bryophyte          Chenopod          Cycad         
##  Min.   :0.000000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.:0.000000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median :0.000000   Median :0.00000   Median : 0.000   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   :0.001531   Mean   :0.01531   Mean   : 2.037   Mean   :0.003063  
##  3rd Qu.:0.000000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.: 3.000   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :1.000000   Max.   :2.00000   Max.   :14.000   Max.   :1.000000  
##     Epiphyte            Fern             Forb            Fungus        
##  Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0.000000  
##  1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 2.000   1st Qu.:0.000000  
##  Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median : 4.000   Median :0.000000  
##  Mean   :0.09954   Mean   :0.1179   Mean   : 6.141   Mean   :0.007657  
##  3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.: 8.000   3rd Qu.:0.000000  
##  Max.   :3.00000   Max.   :3.0000   Max.   :32.000   Max.   :1.000000  
##    Grass.tree       Heath.shrub    Hummock.grass          NC         
##  Min.   :0.00000   Min.   : 0.00   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.00000  
##  1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.: 0.00   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.00000  
##  Median :0.00000   Median : 0.00   Median :0.0000   Median :0.00000  
##  Mean   :0.03216   Mean   : 0.34   Mean   :0.3109   Mean   :0.03369  
##  3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.: 0.00   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:0.00000  
##  Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :19.00   Max.   :3.0000   Max.   :2.00000  
##       Rush             Sedge            Shrub        Shrub.Mallee   
##  Min.   :0.00000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   : 0.00   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.: 2.00   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :0.00000   Median : 0.000   Median : 5.00   Median :0.0000  
##  Mean   :0.09188   Mean   : 0.781   Mean   : 6.25   Mean   :0.1593  
##  3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.: 1.000   3rd Qu.: 9.00   3rd Qu.:0.0000  
##  Max.   :4.00000   Max.   :14.000   Max.   :39.00   Max.   :5.0000  
##   Tree.Mallee       Tree.Palm      Tussock.grass         Vine        
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.: 1.000   1st Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Median :0.0000   Median : 1.000   Median : 4.000   Median : 0.0000  
##  Mean   :0.2802   Mean   : 1.933   Mean   : 4.496   Mean   : 0.3844  
##  3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.: 3.000   3rd Qu.: 7.000   3rd Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Max.   :5.0000   Max.   :17.000   Max.   :20.000   Max.   :12.0000

.

.

.